Urticaria/Allergy

What is urticaria?

  • Urticaria or hives are raised area of the skin that itch intensely and are red in colour.
  • It is very common condition and about 20% of people have hives at some time during their lives.

How can one get urticaria?

  • Urticaria is caused by release of a chemical called histamine which causes itching, redness and swelling of the skin. In most cases, the lesion appear suddenly and disappear within several hours.
  • If the disease lasts less than 6 weeks, causes like infection, food allergy and drug allergy may be responsible. If it last for more than 6 weeks, other chronic causes need to be ruled out.

What are the type of urticaria?

Urticaria can be acute, chronic or physical. But when you first get urticaria, you cannot tell how long they will last, and so you cannot tell if you have acute or chronic lesions.
Although all type of urticarial lesions look similar, they often have different triggers. Learning what trigger your urticaria can help you to avoid trigger.

Acute urticaria:

  • Hives will not last beyond a few days or will last for a maximum of 6 weeks.
  • Triggers of acute hives include infections, drugs, insect stings (bees, wasp,ants), food allergies and physical contact with certain agents.
  • Food associated urticaria appears within 30 minutes of eating the food and the foods most likely to cause it include milk, eggs, peanuts, other nuts, soy, wheat, fish and shellfish. Physical contact with plants, raw fruits, vegetable and latex can cause urticaria in certain individuals.

Chronic uricaria:

  • Hives occurs almost daily and last longer than 6 weeks, sometimes for years. These hives come and go and can interfere with sleep, work or school.
  • In most cases of chronic hives, the cause is unknown. Problem in the immune system may play a role. It can be a sign of medical or autoimmune condition, including thyroid or liver diseases, chronic infection or lupus.
  • Food additives like colorants, preservatives and essence and NSAIDs are important trigger of both acute or chronic urticaria.

Physical urticaria:

  • Hives can be triggered by physical factor like exposure to cold, changes in temperature or sweating, vibration, pressure, exercise, sunlight or water.
  • Dermatographism is a type of physical urticaria in which red, raised lines develop if the skin is stroked firmly or scratched. Physical form of hives tend to be long lasting.

How does urticaria look? Can urticaria spread to other parts of the body?

  • Urticaria are raised red areas that itchy intensily. These raised areas may enlarge and merge together.
  • Itching is the most bothersome symptom. Rarely severe pain, purple spots, raised lesions spots, raised lesion along with fever and joint pains can oocur.
  • Urticaria can affect any area of the body, especially the trunk, thighs,upper arm and face.
  • Most individual lesion fade quickly, but new crops may appear every 24 to 72 hours if the person continues to be exposed to the environment or substance that triggered the hives.
  • In up to one-half of people with urticaria, a condition called angioedema also develops. Angioedema causes puffiness of the face, eyelids, ears, mouth, hands,feet, and genitalia. It may be associated with pain.
  • Hives can also occur as part of a serious allergic reaction. It can be associated with breathlessness, tightness in the throat, nausea, vomiting, cramping abdominal pain and giddiness. If these symptoms occur, get immediate medical attention. You could be developing anaphylaxis, a life threatening condition.

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